The On The Key Of Freedom - 1469 Words

The Key to freedom To be educated can mean many things and the platforms in which one may be educated can differ from case to case and is only subject to the interest and likes of the person that is pursuing to be an expert in that specific area or content. Ultimately, I perceive education as the key that can unlock endless possibilities therefore providing those who receive an education in whatever they want, become free in their own right. They are free to choose from the possibilities that are unlock through the training, and education they have received. Therefore because of my own view, and perspective on life I have decided to be an educator to liberate those who come from lower income houses by providing them with tools and skills necessary that in the long run can allow them to be liberated from the constraints that their socio-economic class puts them in. I personally felt that I could achieve this through teaching ALL areas of social studies because through history and anal yzing the current state of the world we can learn to change for the better and improve the future of tomorrow. Knowledge can come from new experiences and what learn from around us, whether it through social interactions or reading books written decades, centuries before us. In my opinion the acquisition of knowledge can be achieved through the philosophy of Cognitivism because this philosophy calls us to interact with one another in order to gain knowledge of ourselves and others which canShow MoreRelatedThe Key to Enligment and Freedom Essay749 Words   |  3 Pagesworth everything. Freedom is priceless and it definitely something worth working for but it requires the knowledge of everything. Peace within one is attained when one breaks free from their shackles. Peace is defined in various ways and can be approached in a unique manner. Different people have different opinions on achieving peace and usually it is a specific goal. Once that goal/that sensational desire is attained, they feel clam and resolved. The definition of peace is ‘freedom from disturbance’Read MoreSlavery Is The Key For Achieving Freedom1672 Words   |  7 Pagesto completely understand their situation, and therefore unable to get out of it. Slaves had a limited option in achieving freedom, and in order to do so, they had to become educated, enough to be able to understand slavery, and they had to be religious to be able to see through the hypocrisy of the religious slaveholders. For slaves, education is the key to achieving freedom. It develops one’s sense of curiosity, and allows the mind to question things, and to develop it’s own ideas and opinionsRead MoreEconomic Freedom Is A Key Factor For An Overall Personal1537 Words   |  7 PagesEconomic freedom is a key factor for an overall personal and national growth in any country. Allowing people pursue their financial interests will be an important step since the developed will begin at the lowest levels. Most researchers have a standpoint that allowing people to have their rules and regulation, business friendly environment and source of capital become important factors in determining the economic growth of a nation. Despite both the positive and negative impacts of the trade freedomRead MoreThe Ultimate Weight Solution: The Seven Keys to Weightloss Freedom by Dr. Phil813 Words   |  3 Pagesshould stop counting calories and instead start changing the way them look at themselves. He wants them to take control over their life and find out why they are eating wrong. Dr Phil wrote his book â€Å"The Ultimate Weight Solution: The 7 keys to weight loss freedom† in 2003 with the focus on adjusting behavior, exercise and healthy eating. He claims that with his method, you will get an 80% guarantee success rate. What is accurate about this diet is that it highlights the importance of making behaviorRead MoreHedda Gabler’s Freedom and Repression as Understood through the Analysis of a Key Passage1285 Words   |  6 Pagescharacter by uncovering details about the conflicts between Hedda and the other characters, Judge Brack, Mrs Elvsted, and George Tesman which highlight Hedda’s transformation from an individualistic to despairing individual, conveying the theme of freedom and repression in society. Ibsen uses the relationship and conflict between Hedda and Brack to illustrate Hedda’s struggle to assert her free will and power in a male-dominated society. The two characters are united as social equals who are membersRead MoreFreedom And Its Effect On Society1344 Words   |  6 Pages Freedom comes in many different levels in our society with freedoms being tested and tried differently in various countries. The term ‘freedom’ as with many things can be interrupted in many different ways with different cultures and religious beliefs affecting what freedoms you may or may not have. we live in a society where we are lucky in that we are able to express our freedoms more widely than a lot of states can. Decisions like going to school or holiday is expressing our freedom withoutRead MoreEssay on Slavery and the American Revolution1243 Words   |  5 Pagesarticles that prove slavery only succeeded because of the false reality that slave owners created and the conformity to this reality by slaves are; George Fitzhugh who defends the proslavery argument and Frederick Douglass who supports a desire for freedom. The history of abolition directly relates to the many obstacles Americans faced when trying to change societies laws and ideas about slavery. Slavery was an accepted facet of life because it was part of the old institution; it existed in everyRead MoreDescribe in Detail the Three Elements of Montessori Education736 Words   |  3 Pages1. Describe in detail the three key elements of Montessori education. The three key elements of Montessori method of education are: 1. The adult(the directress-humble teacher) 2. Environment(prepared environment) 3. Apparatus(the Montessori materials and tools) Let us discuss in detail the three elements of Montessori method 1. The adult: The adult should prepare herself first in order to work with children. She has to guide the child in a passive manner according to the lawsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Four Houses 1370 Words   |  6 Pagescurtains in the windows shifted with the breeze, and a few open books pages fluttered. Staring out the window, eleven year old Elizabeth Chen watched a bird swoop through the sky, graceful and free. What was it like, having such freedom? Freedom to go anywhere, do anything, not having to worry your actions, to not care about what will happen if you do end up doing something your parents tell you to never do. The steady breeze strengthened into a fierce wind, and ElizabethRead More1984 Proletariat Analysis804 Words   |  4 PagesIn George Orwell’s dystopian novel, 1984, the proletarian class is constantly downtrodden and dehumanized. However, akin to the Bolshevik and Chinese revolutions, Winston and Orwell believe that they are the key to democracy, freedom, and growth. Oceania is a cruel society that views its citizens as pawns and a means to obtain power. This idea is misconstrued, though, as the proletariat are the source of their power. The power lying within the people means that they have the potential to seize it

A Survey On Projecting Canada Population Growth - 2089 Words

Appendix 4: Detailed Methodology on Projecting Canadian Population Growth in Canada Brief Description of Methodology Estimates for population growth in Canada are determined by using a components method. This method can project particular characteristics of a population, including age, sex and place of residence. Briefly, there are certain assumptions that must be properly prepared for each component of population growth prior to generating an estimate. In particular, assumptions regarding births, deaths, immigration and emigration must be outlined. When these are applied to the base population, an estimate for projected population can be determined by simply accounting procedures, where births and immigrations are added to the base population, while deaths and emigrants are subtracted from the base population. Base Population Estimates The base population can be determined by accessing data posted on by the Demography Division of Statistics Canada. This is a reliable source for the latest information on population in Canada. Their estimates program provides quarterly information of the total Canadian population. The target population for these estimates is similar to that covered by the census. The data used for these estimates is retrieved from administrative files or extracted from other Statistics Canada information. There is an interesting distinction between postcensal estimates and intercensal estimates. Postcensal estimates use the information from the mostShow MoreRelatedProposed Plan And Scheduled Implementations Of Housing Development Board ( Hdb )1704 Words   |  7 Pagesmeeting the ever changing needs of the population it serves,† (Jick Peiperl, 2011). HDB, Singapore understands â€Å"change is inevitable† (Calland Keith, 2015). This acknowledgment has spearheaded strategies towards positive transformation. Chew Ling Tan’s proposes a strategic plan to stimulate and implement organizational restructure, cultural change and transformation: thereby meeting the current needs of Housing Development Board (HDB), Singapore while projecting and planning for sustainability ofRead MoreEssay on Econ 545 Micro Analysis Project 11836 Words   |  8 PagesMichele Jimenez Business Economics 545 Fewer Physicians Project 1 July 27, 2014 INTRODUCTION Based in recent surveys, reports show a trending decline on the rate at which physicians move. Statistically, this may suggest the economy is preventing or affecting physicians from frequent job changes, or retirement. According to survey results, the move rate was reported as follows: 18.2% in 2008, 15% in 2009, 12.4% in 2010, and 11.3% in 2011. In as much as this reflects an obvious trend of lowerRead MoreAnalysis of Future Demand of OPEC Oil2777 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Analysis future demand of OPEC oil Introduction OPEC consists of oil producing countries, and a survey conducted in the year 2008 revealed that OPEC accounts for 58% of the globes crude oil products. This has contributed to growth of its member states to becoming the worlds rapidly growing consumers of oil. Therefore, having OPEC member states as significant consumers of oil has a significant impact on the volume of their oil exports globally affecting their oil revenue; in addition, the declineRead MorePrimary Care And The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act3424 Words   |  14 Pagesin disease eradication, increasing longevity and providing a better quality of life for her citizens.1Unfortunately, the real picture isn’t the same. According to the commonwealth fund survey 2014, USA ranked the last and worst amongst 11 other developed countries including UK, France, Australia, Germany, Canada, Sweden, New Zealand, Norway, Netherlands, and Switzerland in terms of efficiency, equity and outcomes instead of having th e world’s most expensive health care system.2 So, the imperativesRead MoreEconomic And Economic Development Of The United States2518 Words   |  11 Pagesreliance on debt and asset price inflation that drove demand instead of wage growth. Applications of neoliberal growth models after 1980 in the U.S. triggered massive amount of spending on imports. Neoliberal growth models also contributed to the loss of manufacturing jobs and the offshoring of investment funds (Baily Bosworth, 2014; Palley, 2011). The loss of manufacturing jobs during the 1980s, followed by a brief period of growth in the early 1990s, then followed by a sharp decline in the early 2000sRead MoreTiffany Co Marketing Plan5298 Words   |  22 PagesCo†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....3 II. Current marketing situation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 A. Market overview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 i. Market demographics and needs†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 ii. Market trends and target market growth†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 B. SWOT analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 i. Strengths †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 ii. Weaknesses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦........12 iii. Opportunities†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read More Analysis of the Starbucks Corporation Essay5209 Words   |  21 Pagesis estimated that North America ¡Ã‚ ¦s sector will reach saturation levels within 5 year (Datamonitor. n.d.). According to National Coffee Association (NCA), 8 out of 10 Americans consume coffee. In addition, it is estimated that half of the American population drinks coffee daily. The international market remains highly competitive. It is estimated that 3,300 cups of coffee are consumed every second of the day worldwide (Ecomall, n.d.). The latest trends included dual drinkers, an increase in senior citizensRead MoreCoffee and Starbucks5354 Words   |  22 Pagesestimated that North America ¡Ã‚ ¦s sector will reach saturation levels within 5 year (Datamonitor. n.d.). According to National Coffee Associat ion (NCA), 8 out of 10 Americans consume coffee. In addition, it is estimated that half of the American population drinks coffee daily. The international market remains highly competitive. It is estimated that 3,300 cups of coffee are consumed every second of the day worldwide (Ecomall, n.d.). The latest trends included dual drinkers, an increase in seniorRead MoreIs China A Global Leader?2903 Words   |  12 Pagescentral bank governors of the seven major advanced economies as reported by International Monetary Fund. The countries include Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, and the United states. According to the IMF, China’s annual average GDP growth between 2001-2010 was 10.5%. Between 2007-2011, China’s economic growth rate was equivalent to all of the G7 countries’ growth combined. This was mainly due to a major housing bubble created by consumers and banks in the United States. China may haveRead MoreA Survey on the Impact of Green Procurement in the Cement Manufacturing Industry in Kenya.5956 Words   |  24 PagesPractises in the Cement Industry 9 2.4 The Impact of Green Procurement on the Performance of the Organization 10 2.5. Conceptual framework 11 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 13 3.0 Introduction 13 3.1 Research Design 13 3.2 Target Population 13 Table 3.1: Target Population and Sample Size 14 3.3 Sampling and Sample techniques 14 3.4 Data Collection Instruments 15 3.5 Data Collection Procedure 15 3.6 Data Analysis 15 REFERENCES 17 APPENDICES 20 Appendix I: Introduction Letter 20 Appendix II: Research

Assessment Of Equipment Diagnostic Radiology Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(63) " installations was used for both pediatric and big scrutinies\." Handiness and the usage of X-ray equipment in both private and authorities infirmaries is on the addition today in developed and developing states. Quality control of such equipment is of peculiar importance to forestall evitable high doses, radiation escapes and to guarantee dose optimisation. The consequences of quality control in this survey indicate that the end product measured in GHL ( M2 ) ranged between 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Assessment Of Equipment Diagnostic Radiology Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now 0318 and 0.1192 mGy ( ma ) -1, while comparatively higher values which ranged from 0.0762 to 0.2156 mGy ( ma ) -1 was found in four other infirmaries. The tubing electromotive force truth measured indicates fluctuation among the infirmaries investigated. The divergence in electromotive force truth ranged between 0.9 and 10.9 % in the two units of GHL ( M1 and M2 ) . In the three other infirmaries the scope of divergences are 0.2 to 0.5 % ( PSH ) , 45.5 to 72.7 % ( NOH, the highest ) 22.9 to 23.3 % ( NARH ) . Both GHL ( M1 ) and PSH complied with the demand of  ± 5 % . As regard timer truth, one-dimensionality of the tubing current and beam alliance ; NOH and NARH exceeded the acceptable bounds of  ±5 % ,  ±10 % and  ±3 % severally. The effect of non-compliance in most portion include: repetition exposures, more disbursals and more significantly, extra dosage to the patient. Keywords: Quality confidence, quality control, environmental monitoring, radiation, X-ray end product Introduction In Nigeria, X-rays is the most often used ionizing radiation in medical specialty despite progresss in magnetic resonance imagination and ultrasound techniques. It has maintained a cardinal function in diagnosing of diseases, hurt and in X-ray therapy. In consequence it is the largest manmade beginning of ionising radiation to the universe population ( ICRP, 1991 ; UNSCEAR, 1993 ; Muhogora and Nyanda, 2001 ) . X ray is the major subscriber to the effectual dosage of both the patient and the forces. Because of the radiological hazards involved, it is normally recommended that dosage to patient from X-ray be kept every bit low as moderately accomplishable ( ALARA ) with equal image quality ( IAEA, 1996 ) . In add-on, programmes for diagnostic imagination sections, irrespective of the size, should at least contain the undermentioned constituents: equipment quality control, administrative duties, hazard direction and radiation safety programme. Equipment quality control unit carries out rating of equipment public presentation to guarantee proper image quality, every bit good as patient and operator safety ( Papp, 2002 ) . Furthermore, radiation safety unit is to guarantee that patient exposure is kept every bit low as moderately accomplishable and that departmental forces, medical staff and members of the general populace are protected from overexposure to ionising radiation. Presently, there are far above 4000 X-ray machines in Nigeria ( Elegba, 2006 ) out of which less than 5 % are under regulative control. These thereby pose a great jeopardy to the patient, forces and challenges to the regulative organic structure in Nigeria. As a consequence of handiness of X-ray installations, some new while others are 2nd manus ( known locally as Tokunbo ) , there has been a changeless addition in the figure and frequence of X-ray scrutinies in recent times. In Northwestern part of Nigeria for illustration, a study of 124 establishments with beginnings of ionising radiation indicates that 203 X-ray installings were found with merely 90 sealed radiation beginnings ( Mallam et al. , 2004 ) . In the same study, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital ( ABUTH ) complex on norm carries out over 250 diagnostic X-ray scrutinies per twenty-four hours in the three infirmary installations located in Zaria, Kaduna and Malunfasi. The population of the open persons and the fre quence of exposure is an indicant that one-year collective dosage to patient can be rather important. The quality control ( QC ) programme comprises the regular testing that must be carried out on each major constituent of the system to guarantee optimal public presentation within the system ( West,1993 ) . In diagnostic radiology QC trial is carried out to guarantee that a high quality diagnostic image is produced for a minimal radiation dosage to the patient ( NRPB, 1988 ) . The major equipment in diagnostic radiology to which quality control can be applied include X-ray production, sensing, image processing and image viewing equipment among others. The equipment testing is coupled with everyday environmental monitoring and appraisal of image quality ( Oluwafisoye et al. , 2009 ) . ( 1.1 ) Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority ( NNRA ) Due to the hurtful effects of ionising radiation, the Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority ( NNRA ) was established by the Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection Act of 1995. This national regulative organic structure is charged with primary duty of atomic safety and radiation protection. The Act empowered the NNRA to categorise and licence activities affecting exposure to ionising radiation in peculiar, the ownership, production, processing, industry, purchase, sale, import, export, managing, usage, transmutation, transportation, trading, assignment, conveyance, storage, and disposal of any radioactive stuffs, atomic stuffs, radioactive waste, and any equipment breathing ionising radiation. In this respect, the NNRA in her papers made proviso for minimal demand for the equipment care in line with international regulative policies. As portion of the attempt at heightening safety in the usage of ionising radiation in Nigeria, the National Institute of Radiation Protection and Research ( NIRPR ) was established under the counsel of NNRA. The Institute trains forces in the radiation protection. The present measurings were conducted to look into the suitableness of the quality control trials and the stated tolerance degrees for assorted X-ray equipment at four Nigerian infirmaries. Additionally, environmental radiation supervising around the installations was carried out to determine the safety degree of both the patient and forces. ( 2 ) MATERIALS AND METHODS Quality control trial ( kVp truth and duplicability, mAs one-dimensionality ) of four government-owned infirmaries, one general infirmary ( GHL ) , two specializer infirmaries [ Psychiatric infirmary ( PSH ) and National Orthopaedic infirmary ( NOH ) ] and one military infirmary ( NARH ) , all located in Lagos were carried out. The GHL has two functional X-ray units depicted as machine 1 ( M1 ) and machine 2 ( m 2 ) . The probe was carried out with the aid of the staff of the radiology section of each infirmary. Meanwhile, each of the X ray installations was used for both pediatric and big scrutinies. You read "Assessment Of Equipment Diagnostic Radiology Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" In all the infirmaries there was no old exposure and QC informations available. The information use was done utilizing Microsoft Excel, 2003. ( 2.1 ) Measurement of X-ray tubing Output and exposure clip merchandise X-ray tubing end product is the sum of exposure, in millirontgens ( Mister ) delivered to a point in the Centre of the utile X-ray beam at a distance of 1 meter from the focal topographic point for 1 ma of negatron passing through the tubing. The end product expresses the ability of the tubing to change over electronic energy into X-ray exposure. X-ray tubing end product is the individual most of import parametric quantity to quantify radiation output ( Zoetelief et al, 2006 ) . The free-in-air exposure, FAE ( Mister ) was measured utilizing mill calibrated KV metre ( US made Victoreen X-ray trial device, theoretical account 4000 M+ ) obtained from the Department of Physics ( DOP ) University of Ibadan. The consistence of X-ray tubing end product with the tubing current ( ma ) or tube current exposure-time merchandise ( ma ) was measured for the scope of ma or ma values used in pattern. The sensor ( KV metre ) measures the mean, effectual and maximal extremum tubing electromotive for ce, power stage, exposure and exposure clip. This system determines the tubing electromotive force with truth of  ± 2 % ( Victoreen, 1995 ) . The internal ionisation chamber that measures exposure has volume of 36 cm3. The exposure clip is measured to an truth of  ± 2 % . The FAE ( Mister ) measured is converted into end product in mGy ( ma ) -1 by multiplying by a factor 0.00877/ ma ( Chang Jong and Hui- Yu, 1999 ) where ma in the denominator is the merchandise of the tubing current and exposure clip set at the clip of measuring of the end product. ( 2.2 ) Environmental Monitoring and General Observations The guiding rule used in all regulative paperss is that, radiation doses to the populace and to the people who work with radiation must be kept every bit low as moderately accomplishable ( ALARA rule ) . In kernel, radiation workers and the patient should be monitored at all times when working. The ground for this monitoring is to guarantee that the pattern being followed by the workers in their day-to-day modus operandi are safe and do non ensue in high doses being received. In the present survey, the dose rate at different points of involvement ( the console, entryway door behind the wall, patient waiting seats ) was measured with radiation sensor ( radiation proctor 4 minirad 1000+ ) . This device measures radiation dosage rate in ?Sv/ hour. ( 2.3 ) Optical and Radiation Field Congruence/ Beam Alignment The beam control system is required for modulating the size of X-ray field country. Therefore, it plays an of import function in dose delivered to the patient because it controls the sum of patient surface country exposed to radiation and image contrast ( due to scattered radiation ) . The parametric quantities taken into consideration in beam control system include ; beam alliance, optical radiation field congruity, truth of the x Y graduated tables and illuminator bulb brightness. In this survey optical radiation field and beam alliance were examined. ( 2.4 ) Ocular reviews One of the three parts of a quality control programme for a radiographic installation is ocular review. This portion includes look intoing the chief constituents of the equipment for proper operation, safety and good mechanical status. It is expected that they should include ; protective lead dress, lead shield of the cell wall, overhead tubing Crane, radiographic tabular array, control panel and other installations such as door and automatic visible radiation. ( 3 ) RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Five X-ray units in four infirmaries were investigated in the survey. Both the QC and environmental appraisal of the installations were carried out. Table 1 presents the radiographic equipment information at assorted infirmaries investigated. The old ages of industry of the equipment scope from 9 to 31 old ages, while the twelvemonth of installing is between 5 and 31 old ages. The consequence of age on the end product of an X-ray machine is good documented ( Mallam et al. , 2004, Ogundare et al. 2004 ) . ( 3.1 ) X ray tubing Output The consequence of X-ray tubing end product at a distance of 1m each from the focal point of five X-ray units are presented in Table 2. The values of end product obtained in GHL ( M2 ) are comparatively low, those measured in GHL ( M1 ) are higher than those found in M2. It ranged from 0.0318 to 0.1192 mGy ( ma ) -1. However, higher end products are found at the same electromotive force in PSH and NOH. As an illustration, at 80kVp the end products are 0.0796, 0.1676, 0.2156 and 0.0762 mGy ( ma ) -1 for GHL ( M1 ) , PSH, NOH and NARH severally. The fluctuation in the end product could be attributed to the wave form, anode stuff, filtration, and tube age and anode surface harm. Knowledge of the end product value for a given X-ray tubing permits the finding of both patient and movie exposures. It is besides used in the computation of Entrance Surface Dose ( ESD ) delivered to the patient at the point where the X-ray beam enters the patient. This dosimetry parametric quantity ( ESD ) giv es the perspective appraisal of absorbed dosage to the patient. Although the entryway surface dosage is a hapless hazard index, it can be used to gauge the effectual dosage ( ED ) which better quantifies patient hazard ( Gkanatsios and Huda,1997 ) . The fluctuation in the end product among the infirmaries could take to fluctuation in doses delivered to the patients during the scrutinies. The consistence of X-ray tubing end product with ma was measured for a scope of ma for the five X-ray units at different electromotive forces. The consequences are presented in figures 1-3. Furthermore, consequences of end product measured at different kVp above 80 kVp ( GHL and NARH ) show strong correlativity with ma, nevertheless, the end products measured at lower electromotive force of 60 and 75 kVp indicate weak correlativity with ma. The X-ray tubing and the anode current are extremely stabilized at this point ( Suliman and Elshiekh, 2008 ) . The consequences of the tubing electromotive force truth for five X-ray units investigated are presented in tabular arraies 3a-3d. The tabular arraies show the tubing electromotive force set, the tubing electromotive force measured and the magnitude of divergence. It should be noted that the magnitude of divergence in kVp vary from infirmary to infirmary. In GHL, the divergence ranged between 0.9 and10.9 % for the two machines ( M1 and M2 ) . The scopes of magnitude of divergence for the three other infirmaries are ; 0.2 to 0.5 % , 45.5 to 72.7 % ( highest in this survey ) and 22.9 to 23.3 % in PSH, NOH and NARH severally. Both m1 ( GHL ) and PSH comply with the demand of  ± 5 % , while M2 ( GHL ) , NOH and NARH exceeded the demand. The grounds for higher divergence in kVp found in NOH and NARH are multifactorial. The European Commission recommended a high technique of 125 kilovolts IAEA ( 1995 ) which likely consequences in low doses, but the radiotherapists prefer the higher contrast thorax radiogram which consequences from low kVp. Earlier study indicated that increasing the tubing potency ( kVp ) from 8-13 kilovolt in lumbar and pectoral spinal column scrutiny resulted in a dose decrease of 26-36 % ( Martin et al, 1993 ) . The higher divergences outside the tolerance bound as obtained in the present survey show disagreements in kVp between the measured and the set values particularly if the tubings are non adequately maintained. Furthermore, the overly high divergence between the set and the measured kVp could cut down the image contrast ( Livingstone et al, 2004 ) . The unexpected elevated value of proficient parametric quantities which consequences from defective machine could impact both patient dosage and image quality. The tendencies found in GHL ( M2 ) , NOH and NARH require regular and repeated QC trials. ( 3.2 ) Quality Control ( QC ) Trial Table 4 is the sum-up of the QC trials carried out on the equipment at different infirmaries. The kVp truth trials show conformity with acceptable bound in GHL ( M1 and M2 ) and PSH while NOH and NARH show non-compliance with acceptable bound of 5 % . As respects the kVp consistence, similar tendency is found in the infirmaries as those found in kVp truth. In footings of timer truth, it is postulated that exposure clip straight affect the entire measure of radiation emitted from an X-ray tubing. Therefore, an accurate exposure timer is critical for decently exposed radiogram and sensible patient radiation exposure. Both GHL and PSH met the the acceptable variableness bound. Since the timer truth in NOH and NARH are above the bound of acceptableness, it is expected that the radiation dosage delivered to the patient will be higher than the expected value required to bring forth the movie. Furthermore, the one-dimensionality of tubing current ( ma ) and beam alliance of both NOH and NARH fell abruptly of the acceptable bound of 10 % and 3 % severally. Regulation of X-ray tubing filament temperature ( along with the exposure clip find the quality of X raies in the X-ray beam ) is done with millampere picker in an X-ray generator. The beam limitation system is required for modulating the size of the X-ray field country. The mechanism contro ls the sum of patient anatomy exposed to radiation beam ( Papp, 2002 ) . This plays a cardinal function in patient dose and image contrast. The addition in country increases the production of the scattered radiation, hence higher patient dosage and wellness hazard. The non-compliance of optical radiation field and radiation field congruity may stem from the displacement in mechanism that moves the shutter, doing improper public presentation. This leads to higher patient dosage and repetition images ( consequence in more movies being used and more disbursals ) . ( 3.3 ) Forces Distribution The saloon chart in figure 4 shows the distribution of forces. It indicates that two classs of forces are losing ; Radiation Protection Officer/ Medical Physicist and Record Officer. The tendency is similar to the earlier work reported elsewhere ( Oluwafisoye et al. , 2009 ) . The tendency shows that radiation protection of the patients, visitants and forces is non the preoccupation of the direction of the infirmaries investigated. The absence of the record officers indicate that record maintaining at the infirmaries is far from being equal. A record maintaining system is necessary to document the quality control processs, the figure of culls and other activities traveling on at the X-ray units of the infirmary. ( 3.4 ) Visual/ General Observations The consequence of ocular observations is presented in table 5. It shows that all the basic constituents inspected were functional except LED index on the control panel found in GHL ( M2 ) . Table 6 shows the general observations carried out at assorted infirmaries investigated. Columns 1 and 2 show that the chief door taking to the X-ray room is non lead-lined. Columns 3 and 4 indicate that merely NOH has efficient 2nd door and lead-lined. The cells of the four infirmaries are efficient. This indicates that the interior decorator of the console put in topographic point equal steps that prevent the technicians from immaterial beams during exposures. The doors to the units lack automatic control, connoting that during the exposure the doors do non shut automatically as a consequence, controlled entree to the country where radiation exposure may be taking topographic point is non ensured. Lead apron was non provided in NARH. Nevertheless, the lead apron provided in GHL was non efficien t. Regulation for good pattern stipulates that lead aprons and baseball mitts should be available in the radiographic room and have a lower limit of 0.5 millimeters of lead tantamount thickness ( Papp,2002 ) . It is besides apparent that technique charts were losing in all the units, an indicant that technique parametric quantities are chosen at random by the radiographers responsible for the exposure of the patient. This could take to hapless matching of patient size and technique parametric quantities. Furthermore, warning visible radiation was non provided in any of the units to warn visitants or other forces of the exposure traveling on in the X-ray room. The forces monitoring badge was merely available in NOH, bespeaking that forces dose supervising in GHL, PSH and NARH are non-existent. ( 3.5 ) Dose degree Consequence of environmental dose monitoring at the chosen locations within and in the immediate environment of each of the X-ray units investigated is presented in table 7. The consequences in all the five units indicate that the dose rate measured at the sofa are by and large really high. At the border of the cell the dosage rates recorded are greater than the background dosage rate by a factor of 7, 20, and 10 in GHL ( M1 ) , PSH and NARH, severally. The dose rate measured within the cell is comparable to the background. This status is safe for the radiographer ; nevertheless, the dose rate is high within the entryway door in GHL ( M1 ) and NARH, it is greater than the background dosage rate by a factor of 6 and 7.5 each. In add-on, the dose rate measured at the waiting anteroom of the patients is comparable with the background dosage rate in PSH and NARH, but higher than the background dosage rate by a factor of 10 in NOH. The high dosage rate experienced in NOH could be attribut ed to damaged door of the X-ray units. Another possible account for the high dosage rate at the waiting anteroom is the direct nexus between the anteroom and the X-ray machine. It is interesting to observe that there were no escapes experienced in the five X-ray units investigated as reported in the earlier survey carried out in Nigeria ( Oluwafisoye et al. , 2009 ) . Apparently, this present survey is the first QC trial and environmental monitoring attempts carried out in the five X-ray units in four infirmaries investigated. This is an indicant that the consequences are preliminary against which future measurings could be compared. Besides, the usage of thermoluminescent dosemeters ( TLD ) for the forces monitoring has ne’er been undertaken in the five units. Personnel monitoring is indispensable, since there is a nexus between the ionizing radiation and coevals of reactive O series [ ROS ] ( Cohen, 2002 ) . These ROS have been implicated in the etiology of over 100 diseases. Radiation is one of the major exogenic beginnings of free groups in adult male and it has been proved that ionising radiation produces ROS in biological system capable of destructing biomolecules such as DNA, lipoids, proteins and saccharide ( Olisekodiaka et al. , 2009 ) . Workers runing X-ray equipment are exposed to long term low doses of ionising radiation which may impact their antioxidant position. Consequences of the QC trials and monitoring were sent to the direction of the four infirmaries investigated. In Addition, recommendations on the necessity of regular QC trial were forwarded to each infirmary for necessary actions. ( 4 ) Decision Quality control trials of five X-ray units are undertaken with intent of safety and dose optimisation in the X-rays Centres investigated. The ages of three out of five machines are good over 10 old ages. In add-on, the divergence of the measured kVp from set value on the control panel varied among the infirmaries. Two out of the five machines complied with the needed criterion of pattern, while three exceeded the demand. The QC trial carried out on kVp truth and consistence show non- conformity in two infirmaries. The distribution of forces show that, the preoccupation of the authorization of the X-ray unit investigated was the quality of the radiogram produced at the disbursal of safety of the patient. The fluctuation in the end product of the assorted tubing is an indicant that doses among the infirmaries differ. In each of the X-ray units investigated there was no specialised installation to execute pediatric scrutinies and movie screening. How to cite Assessment Of Equipment Diagnostic Radiology Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Health Issues Affecting the New Visitors in Canada Samples for Student

Question: Discuss about the Health Issues Affecting the New Visitors in Canada ? Answer: Inroducation: Canada promises a complete health care for all the refugee that seek asylum in the country but this has affected by various challenges due to social exclusion and fear in the foreign country. It The interim federal health program(IFHP) is a basic human right for every person to access health care hence the Canadian government under the international law should guarantee every refugee has access to medical care and food without any discrimination. Asylum seeker experience oppression and trauma due to the social discrimination hence they never access enough medical care. It is the objective of the government to make sure the aid reached all the asylum seekers and refugees and make sure they are in good shape and of sound mind. This paper will examine the challenges the asylum seekers goes through in terms of transport, job, housing and general health. According to Mulley, most societies are group based and they mainly control the good and services provided in the area. The resident cre ates barriers and division in a society which limit the asylum seeker access to the health and social services in the society Rosen (2015). Discrimination is the main challenge faced by the asylum seekers.IN the society they will get the houses in poor shape, forced to use alternative methods of transport like the public train. They will remain secluded from the public due to the anti-oppressive theory. Anti-oppressive theory means having different social divisions based on inequality in accessing resources and power. This can be individually or as a group. In equality is as a result of power difference among the groups. The resident or the citizen will have a higher power over the asylum hence creating the social divisions. The asylum seekers will then get different treatment from the resident in terms of sharing the infrastructure, health and another social amenities. According to Michael and Keith, marginalization and oppression of the new strangers in town lead to social exclusion and division of the unity in the area. This has been accessalated by certain policies and programs such the interim federal health program (IFHP) which has continued to discriminate the asylum seekers or the refugee in the country despite the changes in the immigration policies Griffiths (2007). The program was actually created to help the rejected refugees, resettled refugee and or anyone who is not eligible for the health insurance both territorial and provincial. This has greatly contributed to the social divisions and limited access to the required medical care and resources. The asylum seekers lack the proper documentation to acquire an official job hence due to lack of enough money they end up living below the standards of living of the resident of the area. Discrimination in school has led to bullying by other students due. This instill fears in the kid and they end up dropping out of school or engaging in illegal crime activities to sustain their families Hahn (2014). Health issue have risen especially to the unwelcomed visitors due to the poor living standards. The poor living standard have been caused by the lack of jobs, access to the resources in the community, and access to proper medical care. According to statistics, most asylum seekers live in worst conditions in the cities since the government and other citizen do not care much about them. They never follow if the resources reached the new visitors. The visitors also lack enough documentation to work in the country hence they end up turning to crimes and substance abuse. They end up been locked up in jail for years or end up been deported back to the country they ran away from. Their children go to public schools where they are discriminated and bullied all day. This lead to the drop out of school by these children. The children end up joining gangs and selling drugs in order to sustain their familys .Discrimination is the main challenge affecting the immigrants. The visitors end up in li ving worst conditions in the city. Accessing public health care without the proper documents is hard since most of the hospitals deal with insurance .The asylum seekers lack the proper documents to access medical care hence they end up getting illegal medical care from unqualified health officer Walley (2010). According to articles and students journals from Yolk university school of health, majority of the new visitors tend to be under research and under estimated. The research done is about the asylum seekers lacking jobs and lacking accessing to the social amenities and services such a housing, unemployment and lack of income. The health factors here is underestimated. The visitors miss in the research about health care in the society. The asylum seeker should require greater health needs due to their history and the resettlement experience in the new country. The main health research carried out concerns health status of the young people and children, pregnant women and the mental health cases. The barrier to accessing good health care of the new visitors is shared among other new groups like the refugee and other immigrant. The asylum seekers get the least attention given their vulnerable status Laveist (2013). The lack of proper research and information about the visitors is a major problem .Little research is done on these vulnerable groups to determine their mental and physical state. There various organization working on this problem which include; The interim federal health program (IFHP) and the world health organization which focuses on resettling of the refugee and the asylum seeker. They provide social amenities and health care to the visitor. They also make sure they settle down properly in the assigned places and access basic human requirement. The program was actually created to help the rejected refugees, resettled refugee and or anyone who is not eligible for the health insurance both territorial and provincial. This has greatly contributed to the social divisions and limited access to the required medical care and resources. The asylum seekers lack the proper documentation to acquire an official job hence due to lack of enough money they end up living below the standards of living of the resident of the area Knoppers (2007). Discrimination in school has led to bullying by other students due. This instill fears in the kid and they end up dropping out of school or engaging in illegal crime activities to sustain their families. Health issue have risen especially to the unwelcomed visitors due to the poor living standards. The poor living standard have been caused by the lack of jobs, access to the resources in the community, and access to proper medical care. According to statistics, most asylum seekers live in worst conditions in the cities since the government and other citizen do not care much about them. They never follow if the resources reached the new visitors. The visitors also lack enough documentation to work in the country hence they end up turning to crimes and substance abuse. They end up been locked up in jail for years or end up been deported back to the country they ran away from. Their children go to public schools where they are discriminated and bullied all day. This lead to the drop out of school by these children. The children end up joining gangs and selling drugs in order to sustain their familys .Discrimination is the main challenge affecting the immigrants. The visitors end up in li ving worst conditions in the city. Accessing public health care without the proper documents is hard since most of the hospitals deal with insurance .The asylum seekers lack the proper documents to access medical care hence they end up getting illegal medical care from unqualified health officer Lu, Essex, And Chanyasulkit, (2012). According to articles and students journals from Yolk university school of health, majority of the new visitors tend to be under research and under estimated. The research done is about the asylum seekers lacking jobs and lacking accessing to the social amenities and services such a housing, unemployment and lack of income. The health factors here is underestimated. The visitors miss in the research about health care in the society. The asylum seeker should require greater health needs due to their history and the resettlement experience in the new country. The main health research carried out concerns health status of the young people and children, pregnant women and the mental health cases Lenoir-Wijnkoop, Gutierrez-Ibarluzea and Dubois (2016). The barrier to accessing good health care of the new visitors is shared among other new groups like the refugee and other immigrant. The asylum seekers get the least attention given their vulnerable status. The lack of proper research and in formation about the visitors is a major problem .Little research is done on these vulnerable groups to determine their mental and physical state. The world health organization is known for funding the organization and making sure they have enough food and clothing .They also ensure they have adequate facilities to help them live peacefully. The government should focus on making sure the asylum seeker and the refugees are well catered for and have enough resources to carry on their day to day activities. They should also ensure they access food, security and secure jibs so that they can sustain their families. The government should also make sure they get enough support from the citizens in the country. They should ensure equal distribution of resources in the area Bennett and Tomossy (2006). References ROSEN, G., MORMAN, E., FEE, E., IMPERATO, P. J. (2015). A history of public health. Baltimore, Md, Johns Hopkins University Press. GRIFFITHS, S., HUNTER, D. J. (2007). New perspectives in public health. Abingdon, Radcliffe. HAHN, R. A., INHORN, M. C. (2009). Anthropology and public health: bridging differences in culture and society. Oxford, Oxford University Press. WALLEY, J., WRIGHT, J. (2010). Public health: an action guide to improving health. Oxford, Oxford University Press. (2011). Public health: the development of a discipline Volume 2, Volume 2. New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers University Press. LAVEIST, T. A., ISAAC, L. A. (2013). Race, ethnicity, and health a public health reader. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass. KNOPPERS, B. M. (2007). Genomics and public health: legal and socio-ethical perspectives. Leiden [u.a.], Nijhoff. LU, Y., ESSEX, M., CHANYASULKIT, C. (2013). HIV/AIDS treatment in resource poor countries public health challenges. New York, NY, Springer New York. (2011). Public health: the development of a discipline Volume 2, Volume 2. New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers University Press. LENOIR-WIJNKOOP, I., GUTIERREZ-IBARLUZEA, I., DUBOIS, D. J. (2016). Todays Nutrition and Tomorrows Public Health Challenges and Opportunities. [S.l.], Frontiers Media SA. BENNETT, B., TOMOSSY, G. F. (2006). Globalization and health: challenges for health law and bioethics. Dordrecht, Springer. PORTER, D. (2012). The history of public health and the modern state. Amsterdam, Editions Rodopi.

People as Resource free essay sample

What do you understand by ‘people as a resource’? Solution: ‘People as a Resource’ is a way of referring to a country’s working capital in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities. Like various other resources people or population is a resource commonly termed as ‘Human Resource’. There are  some people  who regard population as liability rather than an asset. But it is not true; people can be turned into a productive asset if we make investment on them in the form of education, training and medical care. For example, Japan did not have any natural resource. They made investments on their people especially in the fields of education and health. Ultimately, these people after efficient use of their resources made their country rich and developed. Q. 2: How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital? Solution: Human resource superior to other resources like land and physical capital because human resources can make use of land and capital. We will write a custom essay sample on People as Resource or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Land and physical capital can not become useful of their own. What is the role  of education in human capital formation? Solution: Education has a vital role to play in human capital formation or in human resource development. It helps an  individual  to make better use of economic opportunities available before him. Education and skill are the major determinants of the earning of an  individual  in the market. Apart from these education has many other benefits such as. It helps a man to make all around  development and  opens the avenue of prosperity. * It uplifts his abilities as a skilled worker and enables him to earn better. Education enables a man to get rid of bad habits. * It helps a man to acquire good habits and become an ideal citizen for his country. * Literate parents are aware of the benefits of education of their children. They are also conscious of proper nutrition and hygiene. Q. 4:  What is the role  of health  in human capital formation? Solution: Health does not mean survival only. This term includes something much more. It involves not only the  physical fitness  of the  individual  but also his mental, economic and social well-being. The role  of health  in human capital formation or in individual’s working life is quite important. Health involves the physical, mental, economic and social well-being of an individual. It not only improves the quality of life of an individual but also adds to the human resource development on which depend the various sectors of national economy. Health covers a wide range of activities including  family welfare, population control, drug control, immunization and prevention of food adulteration etc. Only a healthy person can do full justice to his job. Thus it plays a vital role in individual’s working life. An unhealthy person is a liability for his family, organization and country. No organization will employ such a person who can not work efficiently because of ill-health. Q. 5: What part does health play in individual’s working life? Solution: Refer to answer of Q. No. 4 above. Q. 6: What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sectors? Solution: Activities can be classified under the following three sectors on the basis of the nature of their products or materials used: Primary Sector   Activities concerned with gathering or making available materials provided by nature are included in Primary Sector like agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, poultry farming, fishing, mining etc. Secondary Sector   Such activities which transform raw materials or primary products into commodities more useful to man are included under Secondary Sector. Some such activities are like manufacturing, quarrying. Tertiary Sector   This sector includes those activities which are a must for running modern industries or support the activities of the above two sectors. For example banking, transport, trade, education, insurance etc. Q. 8: Why are women employed in low paid work? Solution: There is no gainsaying that women are generally employed in low paid work as compared to men. The reasons of the same are as follows: * Education is one of the major determinants of the earning of an  individual  in the market. As majority of the women have meager education so they are paid less than men. Along with education, skill is also an important determinant which affects the pay of anindividual. Women are generally unskilled so they are employed in low paid work. It is also a fact that women can not do as much physical work as men can do. So naturally they are paid less than men. * Women have generally an additional responsibility of bringing up their family and children and so they can not be as regular as men in their duties. Hence, they are employed in low paid work and paid less as compared to men. Q. 9: How will you explain the term ‘unemployment’? Solution: A situation in which a section of the people, who are able and willing to work, but do not find gainful work is referred to as ‘unemployment’. Such a situation is often found in developing countries as compared to developed countries. Q. 10: What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment? Solution:  Disguised unemployment   In disguised unemployment, people appear to be employed while actually they are not adding to the productivity. This can be explained by the following example: Farmers in India use primitive methods of production in agriculture due to poverty. Lack of ownership right present in the existing land tenure system e. g. f we use modern methods of cultivation, a situation can be created when only two persons of a family can complete the work in farm instead of three. But the lack of modern methods and poverty create a situation that three persons work when the same work can be performed by two persons. So, one person is disguisedly employed. Seasonal unemployment   Seasonal unemployment happens when people are not able to find jobs during some months of the year. Agriculture in India  is not a whole time occupation. It is seasonal. The cultivators generally grow only one crop in a year. As such in the rural sector and in the lean season, the cultivators and the hired agriculture workers find no work to do. The seasonal character of  Agriculture in India  leads to seasonal unemployment. Q. 11: Why is educated unemployment, a peculiar problem of India? Solution: Unemployment has become a common problem not only in rural areas but also in urban areas. Educated unemployment has become a common phenomenon in urban areas in our country. The reasons for the same are the following: 1. Defects in the Educational System Our educational system has failed to see the ground realities. After spending so many years in schools and colleges, our young generation, both men and women, come out in large numbers without any practical training whatsoever. They add to the number of already educated unemployed thus, making the problem all the more complex. In this way our educational system failed to deliver the goals as was expected. 2. Growth in the Industrial and Service Sectors is not Adequate The Growth in the Industrial and Service Sectors is not so satisfactory. No doubt that these two sectors have shown some improvement in creating employment opportunities over the years. But this improvement is not adequate to absorb the educated unemployed persons. The continuous migration of unskilled labour to urban areas has further added to the problem of the educated unemployed. 3. Visa Restrictions imposed by the Developed Countries Some of our educated unemployed are prepared to seek jobs in foreign countries like USA, Britain, Germany etc but Visa Restrictions imposed by most of the developed countries have further worsened the employment opportunities for the educated people. In which fields do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunities? Solution: Economic activities are divided into three sectors primary, secondary and tertiary. The primary sector especially agriculture employs two-thirds of the population of India. The secondary sector, especially manufacture industry, absorbs about 10% of the total working population while tertiary sector employs about 25% of our population. In the case of agriculture, there is no scope for further employment. As a result of disguised unemployment, many members of the farming families are unable to get full time work. As a result, much emphasis will now have to be put on manufacturing activities which belong to the secondary sector. This sector now absorbs only 10% of the working population. There is much scope in this sector so new manufacturing units can be set up and maximum employment opportunities created. Some people can be absorbed in the tertiary sector as well by expanding the scopes of activities like transport communication, banking, education, health, tourism and other such services.

It Is Time To Reaffirm Our Actions essays

It Is Time To Reaffirm Our Actions essays The history of this Nation is being carved with the chisels of our incessant struggle towards freedom and equality. Evidently, that struggle has continually propelled us scores of years away from slavery and flagrant bigotry. Yes, we can not deny to ourselves that our odyssey to the realms of crystal-clear equality has not yet ended. Though, attempting to surpass the craters of injustice with fabricated bridges of unequal treatment will merely make our journey that much more treacherous and insurmountable. No matter how benevolently intended, practicing preferential treatment based on race, ethnicity, and gender ultimately results in great social discomfort to everyone involved. Initially, in the mid 1960s, Affirmative Action programs were intended to protect minorities from racial and gender discrimination. Today, we need to demonstrate to ourselves that we have truly progressed towards a gender and color-blind society, since the inception of Affirmative Action. To materialize that goal, we must start adopting feasible alternatives that may allow us to value and select the most suitable individuals, among ourselves, based solely on the merit of our abilities and actions, and Not on our God-given skin-pigment and/or gender. Affirmative Action Programs have ingrained and extended into a very wide array of social programs and minority groups in the United States. Therefore, It would be impossible to fit every Affirmative Action issue within the length and scope of this research assignment. As a result, I will confine the discussion in this paper to the general philosophical ideology that serves as the core of Affirmative Action. That is preferential treatment based solely on race and gender, in the workplace. For instance, the following issue is commonplace in today's workplace: "Two business education teachers one black, one white were hired on the same day by the Piscaway School Board. When the board was ...

SUMMARY OF 2 ARTICLES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SUMMARY OF 2 ARTICLES - Essay Example Examples of situations given are the 2008 economic recession and the European debt crisis of 2010. The article begins by describing the financial crisis that had recently engulfed the global economy and the role played by the Bretton woods institutions in restricting financial activities along with the potential for monetary panic. It additionally states that the breakdown of these institutions brought forth great expansions in the scales, scope along with the speculative nature of monetary activities. The global monetary crisis that took place in the year 2008 is described and related to the complex, uncontrolled and interlinked environment of the financial systems found across the globe. It also describes the sovereign debt crisis happening within the European continent as a continuation of this crisis which according to the author has however been utilized by the monetary markets in attempting to reassert their influence. Reforms that are being initiated and implemented within the international monetary system have also been described by the author in the article. The main arg ument presented by the article is that the concepts behind the world wide monetary architecture have been misconceived among the different economies around the globe. The article stipulates that the system required should use national monetary regulation that is coordinated using international organizations. It describes the role of monetary regulation as constraining the power along with the size of the monetary systems to the appropriate levels. Finally, it suggests that member countries should adopt the reforms put forward by organizations like the International Monetary Fund to place the burdens of making adjustments on a country’s population for the purpose of ensuring that all foreign creditors are paid their dues. It is further suggested that after the international creditors have all been paid up, the

Case Study -- Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Case Study -- Report - Essay Example Finally, a link has been brought out to bring out the relationship between training and other aspects of human resource management. Most importantly, training was found to have a direct relationship with motivation of employees. Training is effective in identifying the requirements in employees’ performance and by motivating him to do so. The project is primarily based on secondary research. Finally the project recommends the implementation of different techniques of training, namely on-job and off-job training. In this context, both the advantages and drawbacks are discussed at length. Introduction This project aims to bring forth the importance to training and development programs in organisations for uplifting individual as well as organisational performance. The Sing Tel Optus case study is chosen for the purpose of identifying the above requirements. The case speaks of a new training and development program introduced by the company to train its employees. This training i s not only meant to enhance the existing skills of the staff, but is also aimed at rewarding the employees for successful completion of the program. The main purpose of this case study is to bring out the impacts that this program has had on the employees and the organisation. In this context, the project tries to discuss how the program adds to the skills and productivity of the employees. It brings out the results that the program has generated in uplifting the market image of the company as being a favourable employer. The different kinds of training methods, namely, on-the-job and off-the-job training methods have been discussed. The advantages and drawbacks of each method have been discussed. This has been done in the context of Sing Tel Opus’s training strategies and the benefits and loopholes of the same. A relationship between such training and development strategies and the various human resource management practices have been brought to focus in the project. Concept s like motivation and performance appraisals have a direct relation with the system of training and development in organisations. The interdependencies between these concepts have been highlighted in the project. Importance of Training and Development (T&D) There is a common phrase said by Confusius in 5th century BC, â€Å"Give a person a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a person to fish and you feed him for a lifetime† is still valid (McClelland, 2002, p.7). In the early days, businesses considered the workers similar to other factors of production. Therefore, the main aim was to get maximum utilisation of the labour force. However, with time the corporate people realised that human resource is quite different from the other resources. To improve the productivity of this particular resource, it should be trained. This through process motivated businesses to plan different types of training and develop programmes for its human resource so that it can acquire required s kill and knowledge to fulfil the job responsibility in best possible manner. Scholars such as Knowles (1989), Noe (2008) & Blanchard and Thacker (2007) pointed out that the motivation to learn is influenced by two major components; these are

International Marketing Case Study Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Marketing Case Study - Coursework Example The marketing strategy while strengthening the global brand should have a customized appeal for the customers of the markets of the developed economies. Customers of developed markets are usually more quality conscious rather than price conscious unlike their counterparts in developing economies. Chinese brands need to invest more on Research & Development if they want to market themselves successfully in developed economies. Capabilities in research and development can be acquired by building research & development centers in the developed markets. Li Ning has built such Research & Development Centers in Hong Kong and United States. There are also differences in consumer tastes and preferences. Incorporating these differences in the products is critical for the success of internalization of any Chinese brand. Another dynamic capability that is extremely important is to have the right distribution network so that the target segment in the developed economies can be easily accessed to. Besides the product issues there are also issues related to customer service. Every product has a service component attached to it. In comparison to China the level of customer service is quite high in the developed economies of the West. Therefore, when foraying into markets of the developed world, Chinese companies need to make their customer service more customer oriented and friendly. Last but not the least the differences in culture and business are significant between China and the more developed West (Philip Kotler, 2008). The Chinese companies need to incorporate such cultural aspects of the West like transparency, individuality and a strong sense of commitment towards the customers as stakeholders, if they want to make a mark in the developed economies. For building a sports brand like Li Ning or Nike, there can be no better brand ambassador that a national sports icon. Li Ning has done so by using the name of its founder Li Ning, a former Olympic gold medalist in

Barcode Reader Technology Overview

Barcode Reader Technology Overview A barcode reader (or barcode scanner) is an electronic device for reading printed barcodes. Like a flatbed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens and a light sensor translating optical impulses into electrical ones. Additionally, nearly all barcode readers contain decoder circuitry analyzing the barcodes image data provided by the sensor and sending the barcodes content to the scanners output port. Methods Scanning methods are distinguished by the amount of operator manipulation required: Pen or wand-type readers: requires the operator to swipe the pen over the code. Semi-automatic handheld readers: The operator need not swipe, but must at least position the reader near the label Fix-mount readers for automatic reading: The reading is performed laterally passing the label over the reader. No operator is required, but the position of the code target must coincide with the imaging capability of the reader and ll Reader gates for automatic scanning: The position of the code must be just under the gate for short time, enabling the scanner sweep to capture the code target successfully. Types Of Technology The reader types can be distinguished as follows: Pen Type Readers Pen type readers consist of a light source and a photodiode that are placed next to each other in the tip of a pen or wand. To read a bar code, the tip of the pen moves across the bars in a steady motion. The photodiode measures the intensity of the light reflected back from the light source and generates a waveform that is used to measure the widths of the bars and spaces in the bar code. Dark bars in the bar code absorb light and white spaces reflect light so that the voltage waveform generated by the photo diode is a representation of the bar and space pattern in the bar code. This waveform is decoded by the scanner in a manner similar to the way Morse code dots and dashes are decoded. Laser Scanners Laser scanners work the same way as pen type readers except that they use a laser beam as the light source and typically employ either a reciprocating mirror or a rotating prism to scan the laser beam back and forth across the bar code. As with the pen type reader, a photodiode is used to measure the intensity of the light reflected back from the bar code. In both pen readers and laser scanners, the light emitted by the reader is tuned to a specific frequency and the photodiode is designed to detect only this modulated light of the same frequency. CCD Readers CCD readers (also referred to as LED scanner) use an array of hundreds of tiny light sensors lined up in a row in the head of the reader. Each sensor measures the intensity of the light immediately in front of it. Each individual light sensor in the CCD reader is extremely small and because there are hundreds of sensors lined up in a row, a voltage pattern identical to the pattern in a bar code is generated in the reader by sequentially measuring the voltages across each sensor in the row. The important difference between a CCD reader and a pen or laser scanner is that the CCD reader is measuring emitted ambient light from the bar code whereas pen or laser scanners are measuring reflected light of a specific frequency originating from the scanner itself. Camera-Based Readers 2D imaging scanners are the fourth and newest type of bar code reader currently available. They use a small video camera to capture an image of a bar code. The reader then uses sophisticated digital image processing techniques to decode the bar code. Video cameras use the same CCD technology as in a CCD bar code reader except that instead of having a single row of sensors, a video camera has hundreds of rows of sensors arranged in a two dimensional array so that they can generate an image. There are a number of open source libraries for barcode reading from images. These include the ZXing project, which reads one- and two-dimensional barcodes using Android and JavaME, the JJIL project, which includes code for reading EAN-13 barcodes from cellphone cameras using J2ME, and Zebra (Changed name to ZBAR), which reads various one-dimensional barcodes in C. Even web site integration, either by image uploads (e.g. Folke Ashberg: EAN-13 Image-Scanning and code creation tools) or by use of plugins (e.g. the Barcodepedia uses a flash application and some web cam for querying a database), have been realized options for resolving the given tasks. Omni-Directional Barcode Scanners Omni-directional scanning uses series of straight or curved scanning lines of varying directions in the form of a starburst, a lissajous pattern, or other multiangle arrangement are projected at the symbol and one or more of them will be able to cross all of the symbols bars and spaces, no matter what the orientation. Omni-directional scanners almost all use a laser. Unlike the simpler single-line laser scanners, they produce a pattern of beams in varying orientations allowing them to read barcodes presented to it at different angles. Most of them use a single rotating polygonal mirror and an arrangement of several fixed mirrors to generate their complex scan patterns. Omni-directional scanners are most familiar through the horizontal scanners in supermarkets, where packages are slid across a glass or sapphire window. There are a range of different omni-directional units available which can be used for differing scanning applications, ranging from retail type applications with the barcodes read only a few centimetres away from the scanner to industrial conveyor scanning where the unit can be a couple of metres away or more from the code. Omni-directional scanners are also better at reading poorly printed, wrinkled, or even torn barcodes. Housing Types The reader packaging can be distinguished as follows: Handheld scanner: with a handle and typically a trigger button for switching on the light source. Pen scanner (or wand scanner): a pen-shaped scanner that is swiped. Stationary scanner: wall- or table-mounted scanners that the barcode is passed under or beside. These are commonly found at the checkout counters of supermarkets and other retailers. Fixed position scanner: an industrial barcode reader used to identify products during manufacture or logistics. Often used on conveyor tracks to identify cartons or pallets which need to be routed to another process or shipping location. Another application joins holographic scanners with a checkweigher to read bar codes of any orientation or placement, and weighs the package. Systems like this are used in factory and farm automation for quality management and shipping. PDA scanner: a PDA with a built-in barcode reader or attached barcode scanner e.g. Grabba. Automatic reader: a back office equipment to read barcoded documents at high speed (50,000/hour) e.g. Multiscan MT31 Methods Of Connection Early Serial Interfaces Early barcode scanners, of all formats, almost universally used the then-common RS232 serial interface. This was an electrically simple means of connection and the software to access it is also relatively simple, although needing to be written for specific computers and their serial ports.{10} Proprietary Interfaces There are a few other less common interfaces. These were used in large EPOS systems with dedicated hardware, rather than attaching to existing commodity computers. Wand emulation is another output type that takes the raw wave and decodes it, normalizing the output so it can be easily decoded by the host device. Wand emulation can also convert symbologies that may not be recognized by the host device into another symbology (typically Code 39) that can be easily decoded.{11} Keyboard Wedges With the popularity of the PC and its standard keyboard interface, it became ever easier to connect physical hardware to a PC and so there was commercial demand similarly to reduce the complexity of the associated software. Keyboard wedge hardware plugged between the PC and its normal keyboard, with characters from the barcode scanner appearing exactly as if they had been typed at the keyboard. This made the addition of simple barcode reading abilities to existing programs very easy, without any need to change them, although it did require some care by the user and could be restrictive in the content of the barcodes that could be handled. Later barcode readers began to use USB connectors rather than the keyboard port, as this became a more convenient hardware option. To retain the easy integration with existing programs, a device driver called a software wedge could be used, to emulate the keyboard-impersonating behaviour of the old keyboard wedge hardware. PS/2 Port Most barcode readers now use a PS/2 or USB cable for output: PS/2 cables are connected to the host computer in a Y formation, the PS/2 keyboard port with its first end, to the keyboard with its second, and to the barcode reader with its third end. The barcode characters are then received by the host computer as if they came from its keyboard decoded and converted to keyboard input within the scanner housing. This makes it easy to interface the bar code reader to any application that is written to accept keyboard input USB is supported by many newer scanners. In many cases a choice of USB interface types (HID, CDC) are provided. Some have Powered USB. Wireless Networking Modern handheld barcode readers are operated in wireless networks according to IEEE 802.11g (WLAN) or IEEE 802.15.3 (Blueooth). However, such configuration limits the time of operation from battery or rechargeable battery and required recharging at least after a shift of operation. Resolution The scanner resolution is measured by the size of the dot of light emitted by the reader. If this dot of light is wider than any bar or space in the bar code, then it will overlap two elements (two spaces or two bars) and it may produce wrong output. On the other hand, if a too small dot of light is used, then it can misinterpret any spot on the bar code making the final output wrong. The most commonly used dimension is 13 mils (0.3302 mm). As it is a very high resolution, it is extremely important to have bar codes created with a high resolution graphic application. While cell phone cameras are not suitable for many traditional barcodes, there are 2D barcodes (such as Semacode) which are optimized for cell phones. These open up a number of applications for consumers: Movies: DVD/VHS movie catalogs Music: CD catalogs, play MP3 when scanned Book catalogs Groceries, nutrition information, making shopping lists when the last of an item is used, etc. Personal Property inventory (for insurance and other purposes) Calling cards: 2D barcodes can store contact information for importing. Brick and mortar shopping: Portable scanners can be used to record items of interest for looking up online at home. Coupon management: weeding expired coupons. Personal finance. Receipts can be tagged with a barcode label and the barcode scanned into personal finance software when entering. Later, scanned receipt images can then be automatically associated with the appropriate entries. Later, the bar codes can be used to rapidly weed out paper copies not required to be retained for tax or asset inventory purposes. If retailers put barcodes on receipts that allowed downloading an electronic copy or encoded the entire receipt in a 2D barcode, consumers could easily import data into personal finance, property inventory, and grocery management software. Receipts scanned on a scanner could be automatically identified and associated with the appropriate entries in finance and property inventory software. Code 39 Code 39 (known as USS Code 39, Code 3/9, Code 3 of 9, USD-3, Alpha39, Type 39) is a barcode symbology that can encode uppercase letters (A through Z), digits (0 through 9) and a handful of special characters like the $ sign. A Code 39 Barcode Label The barcode itself does not contain a check digit (in contrast to—for instance—Code 128), but it can be considered self-checking by some; on the grounds that a single erroneously interpreted bar cannot generate another valid character. Possibly the most serious drawback of Code 39 is its low data density: It requires more space to encode data in Code 39 than, for example, in Code 128. This means that very small goods cannot be labeled with a Code 39 based barcode. However, Code 39 is still widely used and can be decoded with virtually any barcode reader. One advantage of Code 39 is that since there is no need to generate a check digit, it can easily be integrated into existing printing system by adding a barcode font to the system or printer and then printing the raw data in that font. The name Code 39 is derived from the fact that three of the nine elements that constitute a codeword are wide elements, the remaining six are narrow. Code 39 was developed by Dr. David Allais and Ray Stevens of Intermec in 1974. It was later standardised as ANSI MH 10.8 M-1983 and MIL-STD-1189. The width ratio between narrow and wide can be chosen between 1:2 and 1:3. The details of CODE 39 can be seen in Appendix A.

The Bereavement Journey :: essays research papers

The Bereavement Journey Breavement is handeled differently in different generations. Weather it is a kid that has a terminal illness or an elderly person who is diagnosed with a terminal illness, each breave differently. Breavement deals with not just someone clsoe dying but, someone themselvs who is diagnosed with a life threatening illness. Kids are more afair of death than adults are. Kids do not underdstand death like adults. In one of our class discussions , Dr. Bradshaw told our class a story about how he went to Yale New Haven hospital (I think) and Dr. Bradshaw stated that a young boy who was a terminal cancer patient drew him a picture of a tank going after him. When Dr. Bradshaw told our class this , it was then clear to me that a child does not understand death as well as adults. But there are also ways a parent can help a child with breavement like buying the child a pet and when that pet dies, explain to the kid whay the pet died and that it can not be replaced. â€Å"childeren are capeable of experiencing greif† (DeSpilder 359). Childeren tend to be more quiet when dealing with a death of someone close. Childeren like to forget the sight of a dead one and try and move on without talking to anyone. Adults experience greif more open. When a certain person reaches adult hood , more and more people that he or she knows is going to die, a parent can die, a friend, and even a child. The most extemem death a parent can experience is death of a child. â€Å" the death of a child may be experienced as the ultimate lack of protection and nuture, the ultimate breakdown and failure in being a â€Å"good parent†Ã¢â‚¬ . When and adult experiences a deah he or she will be more open and go to counceling or actually talk to someone, and talking to somneone about your problems is a good way of breavement. Elderly when dealing with deaht and breavement is also an extreme. An elderly is close to death as is, but his or her friends are starting to die repidly and most of all a spouse is very close to end of life.

A Biographical Approach to the Poem The Whipping by Robert Hayden Essay

Robert Hayden is one of the best-known American poets of his time. However, he is also one of the most underrated poets of all time, arguably not as much accolades as other poets of the same era. His poems exude admirable sincerity and tremendous grasp of poetic devices. His beautiful poem â€Å"The Whipping† is regarded as one of his finest work. A biographical approach to the poem would reveal to us that Hayden transforms his bitter memories to a sumptuous work of art. The poem is basically about a woman whipping a boy, for some reason that is not explicitly stated in the poem. The second line â€Å"is whipping the boy again† tells us that violent act is being carried on regularly. The reader immediately would assume that the woman is the mother of the boy, regardless if the woman is the boy’s biological or foster parent. The picture that Hayden had painted is vividly painful. The lines â€Å"she strikes and strikes the shrilly circling / boy till the stick breaks† suggests the level of anger of the woman and the fear and pain of the boy. The woman stopped whipping the boy only when the stick was already broken. Halfway through the poem, the author shifts from third to first person â€Å"words could bring the face that I / no longer knew or loved†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Those first person lines suggest to the readers that the speaking persona could have undergone the same kind of treatment. The line â€Å"well, it is over now, it is over† is a potent hint that the narrator is recalling his past. He is able to forgive the one that whipped him. However, he is unable to shake off the memories of being whipped as a boy. A peek to Hayden’s biography is likely to lead us to clues that had led him to conceive this poem. Hayden was born and grew up in a Detroit ghetto which the people there called Paradise Valley. During that time, violence, in the form of corporal punishment, was not uncommon. Hayden also had an irregular family life as a child. His biological parents were separated even before his birth. A couple who also exhibited a volatile relationship took him in. As a child, Hayden had witnessed domestic violence from both his biological and foster parents (Greasely 251-252). Hayden had shown us admirable honesty through his poem â€Å"The Whipping. Corporal punishment is not much talked about by adults, probably because they are now currently the ones guilty of whipping their children. Hayden had shared his memories to us to convey a message that would be vital for any community. He is suggesting to us that corporal punishment is more likely to generate childhood trauma than discipline. Moreover, he is also arguing that violence to a child is injustice. Parents blaming their child for their â€Å"lifelong hidings† are the primary reason why this vicious cycle of violence is still ongoing.

Medication administration by unlicensed staff Essays

Medication administration by unlicensed staff Essays Medication administration by unlicensed staff Paper Medication administration by unlicensed staff Paper Due to the increasing number of healthcare institution but insufficient number of medical staffs like registered nurses, non registered nurse s are now being hired by different healthcare institution to meet the need of their patients in providing medical services (Zimmermann, 2000). We all now that almost profession today must first take their board exam to determine whether a person given a specific profession is ready to perform his task depending on his chosen career. An aspiring civil engineers must take and pass the engineering board exams before they will design and construct buildings and other infrastructures. A graduate of law must pass first his bar examination before going to a court and defend his client. A doctor aspirant must first pass the doctoral examination before e or she can be call a doctor. Almost all profession needs examination because it tells whether that person is capable of doing its profession. Professional Board exam serves as an ethical and professional standard and it does standardize the procedure on qualifying all aspiring graduate students on their profession. Like what is discussed in the above paragraph, board exam is very important because many companies and industries are looking for passed board and bar examinees before they will hire them. But like what is stated in the first paragraph, unregistered nurse are now being introduced in a healthcare institution to fill up the limited number of registered burse. In this paper, the advantages as well the disadvantages of employing and using unregistered nurses in administration of medication in a healthcare institution will be examined and discussed. The discussion will start on the advantages of using unregistered nurses on the said position. One of the most important reasons why many medical institution are now accepting unregistered nurses is because on the shortage of registered nurses to meet the increasing medical services. It is very evident that there is an increasing in population in the country and this means an increase also on people who wants to have medical services. One of the advantages of using unregistered nurses in a medication administration is that, these unregistered nurses can be allocated in different tasks like clerical and technical tasks. These nonprofessional tasks are part of the work of a registered nurse. Thus, if these nonprofessional tasks will be given the responsibility to other people who are the unregistered nurses, then the registered nurses and medical technicians will have the chance to focus their medical task which leads to less medical errors (Burruss, Ashworth, Arikian, 1993). A study was conducted to determine if there is a statistical difference on the medical error committed by registered nurses and the unregistered one. From the result, it showed that registered nurse commit more medical errors than with the unregistered nurse. The result was supported by the discussion on the difference in terms of medical task of a registered and an unregistered nurse. This is because, unregistered nurse focus only on one task while the registered nurse has multiple tasks. Thus, unregistered nurse is very important in a healthcare institution in helping the registered nurse take the burden in providing medical service (Burruss et al. , 1993). Given the advantages of using unregistered nurses on medication administration, there are also disadvantages. Medication administration is very sensitive task in a healthcare industry. This task sees to it that the patient is in good hand and that the medical service given to a patient must be efficient and effective. The nurse that takes in charge on the welfare of their patient must have sufficient practical experience in applying their knowledge and skills in medication administration. And this sensitive part can only be done by a registered nurse because these registered nurses undergo an effective preparation that is essential in their nursing training (Wright, 2005). Another reason why unregistered nurse are not allowed to work in a medication administration task is that, there are times that unsupervised medicines is needed by time (Zimmermann, 2000). When this time comes, unregistered has no basic knowledge in doing this task. Also, if accidents happen, they are not accountable on using unsupervised medicines (Wright, 2005). References: Burruss, R. A. , Ashworth, N. D. , Arikian, V. L. (1993). Medication administration by non-RN personnel: A safe and cost-effective response to the RN shortage. : The Health Care Supervisor. Wright, K. (2005). Unsupervised medication administration by nursing students [Electronic Version]. Retrieved November 16, 2007, from nursing-standard. co. uk/archives/ns/vol19-39/pdfs/v19n39p4954. pdf Zimmermann, P. G. (2000). The use of unlicensed assistive personnel: An update and skeptical look at a role that may present more problems than solutions [Electronic Version], 26. Retrieved November 16, 2007, from jenonline. org/article/PIIS0099176700581252/abstract

Free Essays on The Murder Of Abraham Lincoln

John Wilkes Booth, born May 10, 1838, was an actor who performed throughout the country in many plays. He was the lead in some of William Shakespeare's most famous works. Additionally, he was a racist and Southern sympathizer during the Civil War. He hated Abraham Lincoln who represented everything Booth was against. Booth blamed Lincoln for all the South's ills. He wanted revenge. In late summer of 1864 Booth began developing plans to kidnap Lincoln, take him to Richmond (the Confederate capital), and hold him in return for Confederate prisoners of war. By January, 1865, Booth had organized a group of co-conspirators that included Samuel Arnold, Michael O‘ Laughlen, John Surratt, Lewis Powell (also called Lewis Paine or Payne), George Atzerodt, and David Herold. Additionally, Booth met with Dr. Samuel Mudd both in Maryland (where Mudd lived) and Washington, and he began using Mary Surratt’s boardinghouse to meet with his co-conspirators. On March 17, 1865, the group planned to capture Lincoln who was scheduled to attend a play at a hospital located on the outskirts of Washington. However, the President changed plans and remained in the capital. Thus, Booth's plot to kidnap Lincoln failed.... Free Essays on The Murder Of Abraham Lincoln Free Essays on The Murder Of Abraham Lincoln John Wilkes Booth, born May 10, 1838, was an actor who performed throughout the country in many plays. He was the lead in some of William Shakespeare's most famous works. Additionally, he was a racist and Southern sympathizer during the Civil War. He hated Abraham Lincoln who represented everything Booth was against. Booth blamed Lincoln for all the South's ills. He wanted revenge. In late summer of 1864 Booth began developing plans to kidnap Lincoln, take him to Richmond (the Confederate capital), and hold him in return for Confederate prisoners of war. By January, 1865, Booth had organized a group of co-conspirators that included Samuel Arnold, Michael O‘ Laughlen, John Surratt, Lewis Powell (also called Lewis Paine or Payne), George Atzerodt, and David Herold. Additionally, Booth met with Dr. Samuel Mudd both in Maryland (where Mudd lived) and Washington, and he began using Mary Surratt’s boardinghouse to meet with his co-conspirators. On March 17, 1865, the group planned to capture Lincoln who was scheduled to attend a play at a hospital located on the outskirts of Washington. However, the President changed plans and remained in the capital. Thus, Booth's plot to kidnap Lincoln failed....

Constructivism learning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Constructivism learning - Research Paper Example Constructivism allows the learners to participate actively in the learning process as they get the opportunity to share what they think of a topic. Unlike in the traditional method of learning where the teacher gives all the information to the students, constructivism allows the students to ask questions and even discuss amongst themselves. They relate what they learn with their experiences and relationships and develop a clear understanding of themselves and what they learn.Discussing with each other also makes it easy to understand what they learn. The mode of learning also provides a platform where the students can ask the teacher questions in case they do not understand a concept. Constructivism also helps students to develop a high self-esteem because the teachers believe in their ability to gain and interpret knowledge. The traditional method of learning only allowed students to believe what the teacher taught them without any question. The students believed that what the teach er taught them was the final word, and they were not allowed to debate about it, regardless of whether they knew it was wrong. Constructivism, however, gives the learners a chance question what they learn and even develop new concepts that suit them. They do this by researching widely in the libraries or on the internet. Constructivism ensures that all the students are treated in a fair manner. It encourages all the students to participate in learning, regardless of whether they are sure about the topic of discussion or not.

Medical mangement of chronic renal failure Research Paper

Medical mangement of chronic renal failure - Research Paper Example After the body absorbs what is needed from food for self-repairs and energy, the remainder is waste that is sent to the blood. However, these functions of the kidney are hindered by attacks on nephrons resulting in the loss of their filtering ability. High blood pressure and diabetes are responsible for renal failure, thereby resulting in slow and silent destruction of the nephrons. Kidney failure can be chronic, acute or end stage. In this paper, the discussion focuses on the medical management of chronic renal failure. This discussion defines chronic renal failure, medical tests to detect kidney failure, and management of chronic renal failure. Detection of kidney disease People may exhibit signs and symptoms of chronic renal failure. However, some have no symptoms and the doctor detects kidney condition through regular urine and blood tests. The three key simple tests recommended by the National Kidney Foundation are blood pressure measurement, spot check for albumin or protein in urine, and Glomerular filtration rate or GFR based on serum creatinine measurement (Alters, 2000). Blood pressure measurement involves the use of a dedicated cuff to obtain systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Microalbuminuria condition results from the failure of kidneys to separate albumin from blood protein. Proteinuria is the resultant condition of increased blood protein and albumin. Dipstick color indicates the presence or absence of proteinuria. Kidney biopsy and kidney imaging are also viable ways of detecting kidney failure (SIGN, 2008). Management of Chronic Kidney disease or CKD CKD is kidney failure that occurs over a lengthy duration. This duration could be months or years. However, the major causes of renal failure are diabetes and high blood pressure that are poorly managed and chronic glomerulonephritis. Other causes of CKD that are less pronounced include kidney stones, reflux nephropathy, prostrate disease and polycystic kidney disease. The most unfortunate thin g is that there is no cure for CKD. However, in its early stages kidney failure can be managed allowing the patients to live longer. This requires the observation of several steps that must ensure that heart attacks and stroke risks are minimized since such patients are vulnerable. According to Schoolwerth, McClellan and Gehr (2006), Chronic Kidney disease treatment is intended at preventing or slowing additional damage to patient’s kidneys. Proper treatment requires that underlying conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure that cause kidney disease be identified and managed. The management of such diseases prevents situations that cause kidney damage or worsen it (SIGN, 2008). For most patients, classification falls within mild and moderate categories and hospital-based management is not necessary. For most of the patients in these categories, the most significant aspect is controlling the cardiovascular influence on patient’s renal disease. This management is m ore significant than the risk of developing end stage renal failure. Daugirdas (2011) reveals that this classification guidance is directed according to severity of the damage. The stages of chronic kidney disease are grouped in five categories. The first stage is slight kidney damage characterized by normal or increased filtration and GFR more than 90. The second stage is mild kidney function characterized by 60 to 89 GFR. Stage three